Bahasa Inggris memiliki dua bentuk
kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pikiran. Kedua bentuk kalimat
tersebut adalah kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif. Dalam kalimat aktif subject
melakukan pekerjaan, atau melakukan suatu perbuatan. Dengan ciri khas bahwa
kata kerja yang digunakan berawalan “me-“. Sedangkan di dalam kalimat pasif ,
subject dalam kalimat tersebut tidak melakukan pekerjaan/perbuatan, melainkan
dikenai pekerjaan/perbuatan. Dengan ciri khas bahwa kata kerja yang digunakan
dalam kalimat tersebut berawalan “di-“.
Kata kerja yang digunakan dalam kalimat pasif bahasa Inggris adalah:
be + Verb 3 (Past
Participle)
|
"Be” itu sendiri dibuat sesuai
dengan tense yang digunakan dalam kalimat itu dan disuikan dengan subject
kalimat tersebut.
Kalimat aktif diubah menjadi kalimat
pasif dengan menjadikan “object” kalimat aktif itu sebagai “Subject” kalimat
pasif tersebut. Berdasarkan hal itu jelaslah bahwa hanya kalimat yang memiliki
“object” yang dapat diubah menjadi pasif.
Contoh:
Yanto slapped the boy on his face.
S
P O
Kalimat tersebut dapat diubah menjadi:
The boy was slapped on his face.
S P
Object pelaku kalimat pasif yang
dalam bahasa inggris dinyatakan dengan kata “by …” jarang diucapkan, karena
kalimat pasif cenderung untuk hanya mengemukakan aktifitas . object pelaku
diucapkan/ditilis hanya bila memang diperlukan, sebagai kelengkapan arti kalimat
pasif bersangkutan.
Contoh :
The queen invited us to dinner.
Kalimat ini akan menjadi:
We were invited to dinner by the queen.
Bila pada sebuah kalimat aktif
terdapat dua object , maka subject kalimat pasifnya dapat dipilih dari kedua
object tersebut. Namun biasanya dalam bahasa inggris object manusia yang
digunakan/dipilih sebagai subject kalimat pasif.
Contoh:
Aktif : I shall give her a new pen.
Pasif : 1. She will be given a new pen.
2. A new pen will be
give
POLA KALIMAT PASIF
1. Simple Present Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ V1 + O
|
Pasif
|
S + is/am/are + V3 +
….
|
Contoh :
A : He writes the
letter carefully.
P : The letter is written
carefully.
A : He writes the
letters carefully.
P : The letters are written carefully.
2. Simple Past Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ V2 + O
|
Pasif
|
S + was/were + V3 +
….
|
Contoh :
A : He wrote the
letter carefully.
P : The letter was written
carefully.
A : He wrote the
letters carefully.
P : The letters were written carefully.
3. Present Continuous Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ is/am/are + V-ing +
O
|
Pasif
|
S + is/am/are + being + V3 +
…
|
Contoh :
A : He is writing the
letter carefully.
P : The letter is being
written carefully.
A : He is writing the
letters carefully.
P : The letters are being
written carefully.
4. Past Continuous Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ was/were + V-ing +
O
|
Pasif
|
S + was/were + being + V3 +
…
|
Contoh :
A : He was writing the
letter carefully.
P : The letter was being
written carefully.
A : He was writing the
letters carefully.
P : The letters were being
written carefully.
5. Present Perfect Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ has/have + V3 + O
|
Pasif
|
S + has/have + been + V3 +
…
|
Contoh :
A : He has written the letter
carefully.
P : The letter has been written
carefully.
A : He has written the letters
carefully.
P : The letters have been written
carefully.
6. Past Perfect Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ had + V3 + O
|
Pasif
|
S + had + been + V3 +
…
|
Contoh :
A : He had written the letter
carefully.
P : The letter had been written
carefully.
A : He had written the letters
carefully.
P : The letters had been written
carefully.
7. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ has/have + been + V-ing +
O
|
Pasif
|
S + has/have + been + being
+ V3 + …
|
Contoh :
A : He has been writing the letter
carefully.
P : The letter has been being
written carefully.
A : He has been writing the letters
carefully.
P : The letters have been being written carefully.
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ had + been + V-ing +
O
|
Pasif
|
S + had + been + being + V3
+
…
|
Contoh :
A : He had been writing the letter
carefully.
P : The letter had been being
written carefully.
A : He had been writing the letters
carefully.
P : The letters had been being
written carefully.
9. Simple Future Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ will/shall +V1 + O
|
Pasif
|
S + will/shall + be + V3 +
…
|
Contoh :
A : I will write the letter
carefully.
P : The letter will be written
carefully.
A : I will write the letters
carefully.
P : The letters will be written carefully.
10. Past Future Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ would/should +V1 +
O
|
Pasif
|
S + would/should + be + V3 +
…
|
Contoh :
A : I would write the letter
carefully.
P : The letter would be written
carefully.
A : I would write the letters
carefully.
P : The letters would be written carefully.
11. Future Perfect Tense
Aktif
|
S
+ will/shall + have + V3 +
O
|
Pasif
|
S + will/shall + have + been
+ V3 + …
|
Contoh :
A : We will have write the letter
carefully.
P : The letter will have been
written carefully.
A : We will have write the letters
carefully.
P : The letters will been written
carefully.